On 25 March 2026, the National Assembly of Montenegro adopted a new Law on Protection of Competition, introducing significant reforms aimed at strengthening enforcement and aligning national rules with EU law, including Directive (EU) 2019/1 and Regulation (EC) No 139/2004. The Law entered into force on 2 April 2026.
The new framework enhances the independence and powers of the Agency for Protection of Competition, which is now accountable to both the Government and the National Assembly, with a more transparent appointment process for its governing bodies.
A key change is the introduction of the EU-style self-assessment regime, eliminating the need for prior approval of certain agreements. The Law also revises merger control procedures, including the removal of strict filing deadlines and the introduction of clearer review timelines.
Enforcement is further strengthened through expanded investigative powers and a stricter penalty regime, with fines of up to 10% of worldwide annual turnover for serious infringements, as well as periodic penalties for non-compliance.
In addition, the Law introduces, for the first time, a leniency programme, allowing cartel participants to obtain immunity or reduced fines in exchange for cooperation.
The new legislation represents a significant step toward a more effective and EU-aligned competition law system in Montenegro.
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